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Related Concept Videos

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Regulation of the Digestive System01:25

Regulation of the Digestive System

Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of these...
Neurotransmitters01:31

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation
07:29

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Published on: December 29, 2023

Hormonal interactions between gut and brain.

Sagen Zac-Varghese1, Tricia Tan, Stephen Robert Bloom

  • 1Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Discovery Medicine
|December 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity treatments are lacking. Researchers are exploring appetite regulation by studying gut hormones and their signals to the brain, aiming to develop new anti-obesity drugs.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation
07:29

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Published on: December 29, 2023

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Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic research

Background:

  • Obesity is a global health crisis with limited effective drug treatments.
  • Central appetite regulation involves the hypothalamus, brainstem, gut, and adipose tissue.
  • Gut hormones play a crucial role in signaling appetite and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of gut hormones in appetite regulation.
  • To understand the communication pathways between the gut and the brain.
  • To identify potential targets for novel anti-obesity therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of appetite regulation.
  • Analysis of the roles of anorectic and orexigenic gut hormones.
  • Examination of neural signaling via vagal nerve afferents.
  • Focus on hypothalamic nuclei, particularly the arcuate nucleus.

Main Results:

  • Several anorectic gut hormones (e.g., GLP-1, CCK) suppress appetite.
  • Ghrelin is the primary orexigenic gut hormone, stimulating appetite.
  • Gut hormones signal to the hypothalamus and brainstem via the vagal nerve.
  • The arcuate nucleus integrates peripheral and central appetite signals.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding gut-brain communication in appetite control is key.
  • Manipulation of this system offers a promising avenue for anti-obesity drug development.
  • Targeting the central appetite regulatory system could lead to effective obesity treatments.