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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Analysis of Protein-protein Interactions and Co-localization Between Components of Gap, Tight, and Adherens Junctions in Murine Mammary Glands
11:31

Analysis of Protein-protein Interactions and Co-localization Between Components of Gap, Tight, and Adherens Junctions in Murine Mammary Glands

Published on: May 30, 2017

CD44 regulates tight-junction assembly and barrier function.

Nina Kirschner1, Marek Haftek, Carien M Niessen

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|December 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD44 protein is essential for skin barrier repair by regulating tight junctions (TJs). CD44 knockout mice exhibit impaired skin barrier function due to disrupted TJ assembly and cell polarity.

More Related Videos

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
11:17

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Published on: February 10, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Analysis of Protein-protein Interactions and Co-localization Between Components of Gap, Tight, and Adherens Junctions in Murine Mammary Glands
11:31

Analysis of Protein-protein Interactions and Co-localization Between Components of Gap, Tight, and Adherens Junctions in Murine Mammary Glands

Published on: May 30, 2017

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
11:17

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Published on: February 10, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epidermal barrier function is critical for protection against environmental factors.
  • CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, plays roles in cell adhesion and migration.
  • Impaired skin barrier recovery is observed in CD44 knockout (KO) mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CD44 in the regulation of epidermal tight junctions (TJs) and cell polarity.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying delayed skin barrier recovery in CD44 KO mice.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CD44 KO mice during embryonic development and in adult tape-stripping models.
  • Assessment of TJ protein localization, Par3, and Rac1 activity.
  • Evaluation of keratinocyte cell polarization and barrier function in vitro.

Main Results:

  • CD44 KO mice displayed delayed embryonic barrier formation and impaired apical lamellar body secretion.
  • Loss of CD44 correlated with altered TJ proteins, Par3, and reduced Rac1 activity.
  • CD44 deficiency impaired keratinocyte polarization and TJ barrier function, with effects on differentiation markers.

Conclusions:

  • CD44 is crucial for the assembly and function of tight junctions in the epidermis.
  • CD44's role in TJ regulation contributes to its importance in maintaining skin barrier integrity.
  • Defects in CD44-mediated TJ function underlie the skin barrier phenotype observed in CD44 KO mice.