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Related Concept Videos

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Body Temperature01:25

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Body Temperature01:07

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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Thermoregulation01:26

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice
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Central neural pathways for thermoregulation.

Shaun F Morrison1, Kazuhiro Nakamura

  • 1Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA. morrisos@ohsu.edu

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|January 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Central neural circuits maintain body temperature through distinct pathways. These circuits regulate heat loss and heat production via specific effectors like skin circulation and brown adipose tissue.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • The body employs central neural circuits for thermoregulation, adjusting to environmental changes and inflammation.
  • Key effectors include cutaneous circulation, thermogenesis (brown adipose tissue, muscle, heart), and evaporative heat loss (sweating, panting).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional organization of neural pathways controlling thermoregulatory effectors.
  • To elucidate the parallel yet distinct neural pathways originating from cutaneous thermal receptors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neural circuits and thermoregulation.
  • Analysis of afferent thermal circuits, including receptors, spinal neurons, and hypothalamic projections.
  • Examination of efferent pathways to thermoregulatory effectors.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous thermal receptors activate distinct neural pathways for heat loss and thermogenesis.
  • Warm-sensitive neurons in the preoptic area play a crucial role in inhibiting heat loss and promoting heat production.
  • Specific pathways from the hypothalamus to the rostral ventromedial medulla control thermogenic effectors.

Conclusions:

  • Central neural circuits precisely regulate thermoregulatory effectors through parallel, effector-specific pathways.
  • Understanding these pathways is vital for comprehending body temperature homeostasis and inflammatory responses.