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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...

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Related Experiment Video

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Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-&#947; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Published on: July 11, 2015

Tuberculosis immunity: opportunities from studies with cattle.

W Ray Waters1, Mitchell V Palmer, Tyler C Thacker

  • 1National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA. ray.waters@ars.usda.gov

Clinical & Developmental Immunology
|January 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bovis cause similar diseases, benefiting from shared control measures. Calf models reveal insights into tuberculosis immunopathogenesis and potential vaccine targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis exhibit high genetic similarity (>99%) and elicit comparable host responses and disease profiles.
  • Shared control strategies, including skin tests, BCG vaccination, and interferon-gamma release assays, have historically addressed both human and bovine tuberculosis (TB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of the calf TB infection model for advancing the understanding of TB immunopathogenesis.
  • To identify key immune correlates and cellular mechanisms involved in TB infection and vaccine responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a calf TB infection model to investigate host-pathogen interactions.
  • Analyzing immune responses, including T cell subsets (γδ T cells, CD4+ T cells), cell formation (SIRPα(+) cells), and antibody production.

Main Results:

  • Correlations were observed between central memory immune responses and TB vaccine efficacy.
  • Specific immune cell populations (SIRPα(+) cells, γδ T cells, memory CD4+ T cells) and molecules (granulysin) were implicated in TB pathogenesis and control.
  • Antibody levels associated with antigen burden, and innate immune gene expression was suppressed in infected animals.

Conclusions:

  • The calf TB model provides valuable insights into TB immunopathogenesis, complementing human TB research.
  • Further research collaborations between veterinary and medical experts will enhance understanding and control of TB in both humans and animals.