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Related Concept Videos

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives01:35

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives

Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate monocarboxylic acids with the liberation of carbon dioxide.
Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

Benzene-1,3-diacetic acid.

Mei Zhu1

  • 1Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Beihua University, Jilin City 132013, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The study reveals that molecules of the compound C(10)H(10)O(4) form chains. These chains are created by specific hydrogen-bonding interactions between the molecules.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for designing new materials.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the self-assembly of organic compounds.
  • Crystal structure analysis provides insights into intermolecular forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the compound C(10)H(10)O(4).
  • To identify and characterize the intermolecular interactions present in the crystal lattice.
  • To understand the self-assembly behavior of this organic molecule.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of the crystal structure focused on identifying hydrogen bonding networks.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

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  • The orientation and connectivity of molecules were examined.

    • Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(10)H(10)O(4) was successfully determined.
    • Molecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
    • These hydrogen bonds organize the molecules into one-dimensional chains along the c crystallographic axis.

    Conclusions:

    • The compound C(10)H(10)O(4) exhibits a chain-like structure in the solid state.
    • Hydrogen bonding is the primary driving force for this specific supramolecular arrangement.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in organic crystals.