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2,2'-(Decane-1,10-di-yl)dibenz-imid-azo-lium dichloride trihydrate
Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
Summary
This study describes the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, detailing how its components form a stable three-dimensional framework through various hydrogen bonds and molecular interactions.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Supramolecular Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
Background:
- Understanding the self-assembly of organic molecules is crucial for designing new materials.
- Crystal engineering relies on predicting and controlling intermolecular interactions.
- The title compound represents a new molecular architecture for study.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound C(24)H(32)N(4)·2Cl(-)·3H(2)O.
- To investigate the intermolecular interactions stabilizing the crystal lattice.
- To characterize the three-dimensional framework formed by the compound.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- Analysis of hydrogen bonding (N-H···O, N-H···Cl, O-H···O, O-H···Cl) and C-H···π interactions was performed.
- The spatial arrangement of organic cations, chloride anions, and water molecules was examined.
Main Results:
- The organic cation, C(24)H(32)N(4)(2+), was found to be located on an inversion center.
- A robust three-dimensional framework was successfully formed through extensive hydrogen bonding networks.
- The crystal structure reveals a specific arrangement of cations, anions, and water molecules.
Conclusions:
- The title compound exhibits a well-defined crystal structure stabilized by a combination of hydrogen bonds and C-H···π interactions.
- The observed supramolecular architecture provides insights into the packing principles of similar organic salts.
- This structural characterization contributes to the broader understanding of crystal engineering and molecular assembly.
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Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Structure of Conjugated Dienes
Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.

