trans-4-(Phenoxy-meth-yl)cyclo-hexane-carboxylic acid.
Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 5, 2011
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a key phenolic ether synthesis model compound. It reveals insights into molecular conformation and intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the solid state.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Crystallography
- Chemical Synthesis
Background:
- Phenolic ethers are crucial in organic synthesis.
- Model compounds aid in understanding complex reaction pathways.
- Crystal structure analysis provides detailed molecular information.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of a specific C(14)H(18)O(3) compound.
- To investigate the conformational preferences of the cyclo-hexane ring.
- To identify intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed.
- The crystal structure was analyzed to determine atomic coordinates and bonding.
- Conformational analysis of the cyclo-hexane ring was performed.
Main Results:
- The cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation.
- Adjacent molecules are linked via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
- The study provides precise structural data for the title compound.
Conclusions:
- The determined crystal structure offers valuable insights for phenolic ether synthesis.
- Understanding hydrogen bonding patterns is key for predicting solid-state behavior.
- This research contributes to the fundamental knowledge of organic crystal structures.
Related Concept Videos
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism
Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides
Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols
Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.

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