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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

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Vaccine Ligand Binding Assay Life Cycle Management, Assay Maintenance, Monitoring and Transfer.

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Safety and Tolerability of Oral Islatravir Once Monthly as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have an Elevated Likelihood of HIV-1 Exposure: Results From the IMPOWER-24 Randomized Phase 3 Study.

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Islatravir distribution in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and mucosal tissues after monthly oral dosing.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Vaccination with Ad5 vectors expands Ad5-specific CD8 T cells without altering memory phenotype or functionality.

Natalie A Hutnick1, Diane G Carnathan, Sheri A Dubey

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Center for AIDS Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Plos One
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Adenoviral vector vaccines expand CD8(+) T-cells specific to the adenovirus vector itself. This expansion did not negatively impact the T-cells' function or phenotype, suggesting continued vaccine potential.

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Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
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Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

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Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
08:10

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Viral Vector Technology

Background:

  • Adenoviral (Ad) vaccine vectors present antigens but can also elicit immune responses against the vector itself.
  • The extent to which Ad-specific CD8(+) T cells are restimulated by Ad vector vaccination is not fully understood.
  • Understanding Ad-specific CD8(+) T cell expansion is crucial as it may impact Ad vaccine efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure human Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-specific CD8(+) T cells in Ad5 HIV-1 vaccine recipients.
  • To evaluate the impact of Ad5-HIV vaccination on Ad5-specific CD8(+) T cell numbers, function, and phenotype.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multicolor flow cytometry to analyze Ad5-specific CD8(+) T cells.
  • Measured T cell responses before, during, and after vaccination in human subjects.
  • Assessed T cell polyfunctionality, mucosal targeting markers, and memory phenotype.

Main Results:

  • Ad5-specific CD8(+) T cells were present in 95% of subjects pre-vaccination, exhibiting an effector profile.
  • Peripheral blood Ad5-specific CD8(+) T cell numbers expanded in all subjects post-vaccination.
  • Vaccination did not alter the polyfunctionality, mucosal targeting marker expression, or memory phenotype of these T cells.

Conclusions:

  • Repeat Ad5-vector administration expands Ad5-specific CD8(+) T cells in humans.
  • This expansion occurs without significant adverse effects on T cell functional capacity or phenotype.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the immunobiology of adenoviral vector vaccines.