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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

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A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
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Tuberculosis incidence in prisons: a systematic review.

Iacopo Baussano1, Brian G Williams, Paul Nunn

  • 1Cancer Epidemiology Unit, UPO A.Avogadro and CPO-Piemonte, Novara, Italy. i.baussano06@imperial.ac.uk

Plos Medicine
|January 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) transmission is significantly higher in prisons than in the general population. Improved TB control in correctional facilities can protect inmates and staff, and reduce the national TB burden.

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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Control

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) transmission rates are disproportionately high within correctional facilities compared to the general population.
  • Prisons are recognized as significant settings for TB transmission, affecting both incarcerated individuals and staff.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and assess the risk of incident latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active TB disease in prisons.
  • To compare TB incidence in prisons with local general populations.
  • To estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of TB due to transmission within prisons.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published up to June 2010 was conducted.
  • Data from 23 eligible studies were analyzed, considering both inmates and prison staff.
  • Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated.

Main Results:

  • The median estimated annual incidence rate ratio (IRR) for LTBI and TB in prisons was 26.4 and 23.0, respectively, compared to the general population.
  • The median population attributable fraction (PAF) of TB attributed to prison transmission was 8.5% in high-income and 6.3% in middle/low-income countries.
  • Data from 23 studies were synthesized to evaluate TB incidence in correctional settings.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated TB incidence and substantial population attributable fractions highlight the critical need for enhanced TB control measures in prisons.
  • Implementing effective TB control strategies within prisons can safeguard prisoners and staff, and significantly decrease the national TB burden.
  • Further research is recommended to investigate the impact of prison conditions on TB transmission and the risk of prison-to-community spread.