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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

The DNA Replication Fork

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

The DNA Replication Fork

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

DNA replication licensing control and rereplication prevention.

Chonghua Li¹, Jianping Jin

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

|January 5, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

DNA replication licensing ensures genome stability by controlling prereplication complex assembly. Posttranslational modifications of licensing factors prevent DNA rereplication, a process linked to cancer and viral infections.

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Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence

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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Genetics

Background:

Eukaryotic DNA replication must occur only once per cell cycle to maintain genome stability.
Replication licensing controls the assembly of the prereplication complex (pre-RC).

Purpose of the Study:

This review focuses on how posttranslational modifications regulate replication licensing.
To explore the role of these modifications in pre-RC formation and preventing rereplication.

Main Methods:

Literature review of posttranslational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, acetylation) of licensing factors.
Analysis of the regulatory mechanisms governing replication licensing.

Main Results:

Posttranslational modifications are critical for establishing pre-RCs.
These modifications play a key role in preventing DNA rereplication within a single cell cycle.

Conclusions:

Regulation of replication licensing via posttranslational modifications is essential for genome stability.
Dysregulation of replication licensing and subsequent rereplication are implicated in diseases like cancer and viral infections.