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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) in Solid Tissues using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Published on: July 3, 2025
Soluble guanylate cyclase modulators in heart failure
Veselin Mitrovic1, Ana Jovanovic, Stefan Lehinant
1Kerckhoff-Klinik gGmbH, Benekestrasse 2-8, Bad Nauheim, Germany. v.mitrovic@kerckhoff-klinik.de
Abstract:
This review summarizes the role of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate pathways in heart failure and several new drugs that modify guanylate cyclase. The sGC activators and stimulators as modulators of sGC are promising drugs in the therapy for decompensated heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Cinaciguat is a nitric oxide (NO)-independent direct activator of sGC, which also may be effective under oxidative stress conditions resulting in oxidized or heme-free sGC refractory to organic nitrates. Riociguat is an NO-independent direct stimulator of sGC with beneficial effects in patients with decompensated heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. The sGC modulators play an important role in patients with heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.
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