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Related Concept Videos

Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
Mixtures of Acids01:19

Mixtures of Acids

The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
In a strong and weak acid mixture, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions present in the solution. In contrast, the weak acid shows...
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
Acid Strength and Molecular Structure03:05

Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution02:45

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution

A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic acid...

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Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects
09:15

Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects

Published on: January 4, 2016

Hydration structure in dilute hydrofluoric acid.

Tatsuya Joutsuka1, Koji Ando

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. joutsuka@kuchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|January 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) dissociation in water involves significant rearrangements of hydrogen bonds around the fluorine atom. Angular changes are more critical than translational shifts for proton transfer in HF solutions.

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Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles
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Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles

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Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects
09:15

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Quantification of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Humate Ores, DOC, Humified Materials and Humic Substance-Containing Commercial Products
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Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles
09:27

Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles

Published on: August 16, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Physical chemistry
  • Solution chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a weak acid whose aqueous solution properties are not fully understood.
  • The hydration structure and dissociation mechanism of HF in water are key to understanding its chemical behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hydration structure and dissociation mechanism of hydrofluoric acid in dilute aqueous solution.
  • To elucidate the role of hydrogen bond topology rearrangements in HF acidity using molecular dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Multistate empirical valence bond (MS-EVB) molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
  • Simulations were performed for dilute hydrofluoric acid solution at ambient temperature.
  • Results were validated against experimental data and ab initio molecular dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The MS-EVB model accurately reproduced experimental and theoretical free energy and structural properties.
  • Significant increases in local tetrahedral and translational order parameters around the fluorine atom were observed during HF dissociation.
  • Large angular rearrangements of hydrogen-bond topology are crucial, especially around the fluorine atom.

Conclusions:

  • Proton transfer in hydrofluoric acid solutions is facilitated by substantial angular rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network.
  • The findings highlight the importance of specific structural dynamics in the weak acidity of hydrofluoric acid.