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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation
Published on: January 12, 2022
Developmental biology: extending the limb and body with vectors and scalars
Mark Lewandoski1, Susan Mackem
1Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. lewandom@mail.nih.gov
Abstract:
Outgrowth of the embryonic limb in vertebrates is driven by a proximodistal gradient of cell movement, with WNT and FGF activities controlling direction and velocity, respectively. A similar gradient, though without a directional bias, drives caudal body axis extension.
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