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Time-varying spatial spectrum estimation with a maneuverable towed array.

Jeffrey S Rogers1, Jeffrey L Krolik

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Box 90291, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. jsr14@duke.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|January 12, 2011
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel field directionality mapping (FDM) algorithms for maneuvering towed acoustic arrays. These methods improve source localization and resolve closely spaced targets, outperforming conventional beamforming during dynamic maneuvers.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Signal Processing
  • Array Processing

Background:

  • Conventional towed array processing assumes straight arrays, degrading performance during tow-ship maneuvers.
  • Maneuvering introduces challenges for spatial spectrum estimation and source localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate new algorithms for field directionality mapping (FDM) in dynamic environments using maneuvering towed acoustic arrays.
  • To leverage array maneuverability for improved source localization and resolution, particularly towards endfire.

Main Methods:

  • Two novel FDM algorithms are presented: Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation via expectation maximization and Non-Negative Least Squares (NNLS).
  • ML estimation utilizes raw sensor data, while NNLS computes directionality from beamformed power outputs.
  • The Cramér-Rao lower bound motivates the theoretical benefits of exploiting array maneuverability.

Main Results:

  • Simulations demonstrate the algorithms' ability to suppress ambiguous backlobes and resolve closely spaced interferers near endfire.
  • Both ML and NNLS algorithms show potential for superior detection performance compared to conventional beamforming with maneuvering arrays.
  • Receiver operating characteristics evaluate detection performance against signal-to-noise ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Exploiting array maneuverability enhances source localization and resolution in towed array processing.
  • The proposed FDM algorithms offer improved performance over conventional methods in dynamic environments.
  • These techniques provide a pathway to superior detection capabilities for sonar systems utilizing maneuvering arrays.