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Intracranial tuberculomas in patients with tuberculous meningitis: predictors and prognostic significance
H K Anuradha1, R K Garg, M K Sinha
1Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
Setting:
Intracranial tuberculomas are commonly observed neuroimaging abnormalities in tuberculous meningitis (TBM).
Objective:
to evaluate the predictors and prognostic significance of tuberculomas in patients with TBM.
Design:
In a retrospective follow-up study, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed at study inclusion and after 9 months of follow-up. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to identify predictive factors for tuberculoma. Prognosis (death and severe disability) was assessed using the modified Rankin scale.
Results:
At inclusion, 43 of 110 patients had cerebral tuberculomas. Seven patients developed paradoxical tuberculomas. Predictors of tuberculomas were raised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein (>3 g/l) and meningeal enhancement. Multivariate analysis did not show any significant predictors. During follow-up, the only significant predictor of paradoxical development of tuberculomas was raised CSF protein (>3 g/l). After 9 months of follow-up, 32 patients had died or had severe disability. Survival analysis revealed that patients with tuberculomas and those without tuberculomas had a similar prognosis.
Conclusion:
Tuberculomas occurred in approximately 39% of the patients with TBM. Significant predictors were meningeal enhancement and raised CSF protein. TBM patients with or without tuberculomas had a similar prognosis.
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