Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

Protein level expression of Toll-like receptors 2, 4 and 9 in renal disease

Stephen Batsford1, Ursula Duermueller, Christian Seemayer

  • 1Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. stephen.batsford@uniklinik-freiburg.de

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
|January 12, 2011
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This study found increased expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4, and 9 in various kidney diseases. These findings highlight the role of the innate immune system in renal pathology.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for innate immunity, recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
  • TLR expression can increase during infection and inflammation.
  • This study investigates the protein expression of selected TLRs in different types of renal disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the protein expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2, -4, and -9 in various human renal diseases.
  • To determine the cellular localization of these TLRs within kidney tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemical staining of TLR-2, -4, and -9 on frozen renal biopsy sections.
  • Analyzed protein expression in different renal disease contexts.

Main Results:

  • Modest up-regulation of TLR-2, -4, and -9 was observed across the studied renal diseases.
  • TLR-2 and -4 positive cells were primarily infiltrating inflammatory cells.
  • Intrinsic glomerular cells showed positivity for TLR-9 in polyoma virus infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for the involvement of TLR-2, -4, and -9 in human kidney diseases.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the innate immune system's role in the pathogenesis of renal conditions.

More Related Videos

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection10:15

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection

Published on: November 10, 2021

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical indicator of kidney health, reflecting how well the kidneys filter blood. Changes in GFR can signal potential kidney impairment, necessitating accurate measurement methods to monitor kidney function effectively.Various molecules can serve as markers for GFR measurement, with the ideal marker meeting several specific criteria. It must freely filter at the glomerulus, avoid reabsorption or secretion by the renal tubules, remain unmetabolized, not...
Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...