Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
Immune modulation in heart failure: past challenges and future hopes
Jose H Flores-Arredondo1, Gerardo García-Rivas, Guillermo Torre-Amione
1Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, The Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Abstract:
Immune-modulation therapy has had great success in various inflammatory diseases. Despite the promising results of preliminary studies in anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapies, large randomized studies have lacked positive clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. These results have led to the idea that therapies directed toward specific inflammatory mediators may not be the answer and lead us toward the development of novel anti-inflammatory strategies that may involve a broader spectrum of inflammatory mediators. Therapeutic plasma exchange has been demonstrated as a safe treatment, and preliminary outcomes led us to develop new treatment schemes.
Related Concept Videos
Heart Failure V: Medical Management
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care
Heart Failure I: Introduction