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Public perception about drinking jar water and its bacteriological analysis.

M Subedi1, M Aryal

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Amrit Science Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal. munalsubedi@yahoo.com

Nepal Medical College Journal : NMCJ
|January 13, 2011
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Summary

Jar water in Kathmandu Valley shows high contamination rates, with over 91% testing positive for total coliforms and nearly 60% for fecal coliforms. This indicates packaged drinking water is unsafe without proper treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Increasing consumption of bottled/jar water necessitates quality assessment.
  • Unimproved water sources pose risks, highlighting the need for safe alternatives.
  • Public perception and microbial quality of jar water in Kathmandu Valley require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess public perception of drinking jar water.
  • To evaluate the microbiological safety of distributed jar water in Kathmandu Valley.
  • To identify microbial contaminants and their antibiotic susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 57 jar water samples for total and fecal coliforms using standard protocols.
  • Isolation and identification of enteric bacteria from contaminated samples.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of fecal coliform isolates via Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.
  • Surveys using semi-structured questionnaires with 525 jar water consumers.

Main Results:

  • High contamination rates: 91.2% total coliforms, 59.6% fecal coliforms.
  • Identified 117 enteric bacteria isolates, including Escherichia coli (33.3%), Klebsiella spp. (39.6%), and Enterobacter aerogens (12.2%).
  • All fecal coliforms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin but resistant to ampicillin.

Conclusions:

  • Jar water in Kathmandu Valley is frequently contaminated with coliforms, posing a public health risk.
  • Despite consumer perception of good quality, microbial analysis reveals significant safety concerns.
  • Treated jar water is essential for safe consumption, and antibiotic resistance patterns warrant further monitoring.