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Related Concept Videos

Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Population Growth00:57

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.However, realistic environmental conditions limit the number of...
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...
Osmoregulation in Fishes02:32

Osmoregulation in Fishes

When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?

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Published on: July 20, 2017

Eco-evolutionary dynamics in Pacific salmon.

S M Carlson1, T P Quinn, A P Hendry

  • 1Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. smcarlson@berkeley.edu

Heredity
|January 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eco-evolutionary dynamics reveal how rapid evolution impacts ecosystems. Natural selection on Pacific salmon body size significantly influences population dynamics and ecological interactions, demonstrating evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • The field of eco-evolutionary dynamics explores reciprocal feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes.
  • Rapid evolutionary change is increasingly recognized as a significant factor influencing ecological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consequences of natural selection on body size in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) for population dynamics, community interactions, and ecosystem processes.
  • To demonstrate the importance of including rapid evolutionary change within eco-evolutionary frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on Pacific salmon as a model system.
  • Analysis of natural selection acting on body size.
  • Assessment of impacts on population dynamics, community interactions (e.g., bear-salmon), and ecosystem processes (e.g., biomass flux).

Main Results:

  • Natural selection on body size can significantly alter ecological dynamics.
  • Shifts in salmon body size due to selection can change cross-habitat biomass fluxes by up to 11% compared to purely ecological effects.
  • Selection within a single generation can have substantial ecological consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Eco-evolutionary dynamics are crucial for understanding ecological change.
  • Rapid evolution, driven by natural selection, plays a vital role in shaping ecological interactions and ecosystem functions.
  • A complete eco-evolutionary framework must incorporate selection occurring within a generation.