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Heritable gene expression differences between lake and stream stickleback include both parallel and antiparallel

D Hanson1, J Hu1, A P Hendry1

  • 1Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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|August 24, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural selection drives parallel evolution. This study found similar levels of parallel genetic changes in gene expression between lake and stream stickleback fish populations, suggesting constraints on adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Parallel evolution suggests natural selection has a deterministic role in adaptation.
  • Genomic studies show repeated patterns, but gene expression parallelism is less understood.
  • Previous gene expression studies often used wild samples, confounding plasticity and heritability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess heritable gene expression differences in parallel evolution.
  • To investigate both parallel and antiparallel expression divergence between lake and stream stickleback populations.
  • To compare transcriptomic parallelism with previous genomic findings.

Main Methods:

  • Used common garden experiments with two independent pairs of lake and stream threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
  • Measured heritable gene expression differences using total RNA sequencing.
  • Analyzed both parallel and antiparallel expression divergence patterns.

Main Results:

  • Found a significant number of genes with parallel (0.18%) and antiparallel (0.20%) lake-stream expression differences.
  • The level of transcriptomic parallelism was comparable to previously reported genomic parallelism.
  • Identified 22 genes showing parallel and 24 genes showing antiparallel expression divergence.

Conclusions:

  • Heritable gene expression divergence shows parallelism and antiparallelism between ecotypes.
  • Transcriptomic parallelism is constrained, similar to genomic parallelism.
  • Suggests that evolutionary constraints operate at both genomic and transcriptomic levels.