Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Halogens03:01

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
Hydrolysis01:15

Hydrolysis

Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Interaction of a porphyrinic cage with ethionamide: a spectroscopic and computational study.

Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·2026
Same author

Positional Fluorination of Phenylpyridine: Unexpected Electronic Tuning in Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Acetylacetonate Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Path Selective Photoinduced Energy and Electron Transfer in a Bis(acridinium-Zn(II) Porphyrin)-tetrapyridyl Porphyrin Host-Guest Complex.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

A Highly Water-Soluble C<sub>60</sub>-Oligo-Lysine Conjugate as a Type I and Type II Photosensitizer with Enhanced ROS Generation and Photocytotoxicity.

ACS physical chemistry Au·2025
Same author

Near-infrared phosphorescence in a ruthenium(II) complex equipped with a pyridyl-1,2-azaborine ligand.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2024
Same author

Stabilization of Luminescent Mononuclear Three-Coordinate Cu<sup>I</sup> Complexes by Two Distinct Cavity-Shaped Diphosphanes Obtained from a Single α-Cyclodextrin Precursor.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2023
Same journal

Engineering Ultrathin Bismuth Nanosheets With Active Facet for Highly Efficient CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction to Formate.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same journal

Lanthanum-Induced MnO<sub>2</sub>/Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Dual-Phase Heterostructure for Efficient and Stable Acidic Oxygen Evolution.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same journal

Solvent-, Catalyst-, and Heating-Free Mechanochemical Depolymerization of Polyurethane.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same journal

Beyond Single-Active Sites: The Emergence of High-Entropy Perovskites in Energy and Environment Catalysis.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same journal

Sodium Humate Chelating Ferrous Ions in the Aqueous Synthesis of High-Purity Sulfate Cathode Materials for Sustainable Sodium Ion Storage.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same journal

Mechanism-Guided Design Strategies for Stabilizing Ruthenium Oxide Anodes in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

ChemSusChem·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
10:00

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

The hydrogen issue.

Nicola Armaroli1, Vincenzo Balzani

  • 1Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Bologna, Italy. nicola.armaroli@cnr.it

Chemsuschem
|January 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transitioning to a hydrogen economy requires overcoming significant scientific and technological hurdles. While hydrogen is an energy carrier, its production and infrastructure challenges mean a full hydrogen economy is decades away.

More Related Videos

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
06:32

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
14:11

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
10:00

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
06:32

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
14:11

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Energy Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • The concept of a hydrogen economy is frequently proposed as a future energy solution.
  • However, its realization faces substantial scientific and technological challenges that require decades to address.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the feasibility and challenges of establishing a hydrogen economy.
  • To evaluate various hydrogen production methods and their energy requirements.
  • To assess the infrastructure needs for storage, transportation, and distribution of hydrogen.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current and emerging hydrogen production technologies, including fossil fuel-based methods, water splitting (artificial photosynthesis, photobiological), and electrolysis.
  • Analysis of energy sources required for hydrogen production, focusing on nuclear and renewable energy.
  • Examination of hydrogen storage, transportation, and distribution infrastructure requirements.
  • Comparison of hydrogen and electricity as energy carriers for applications like road transport.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogen is an energy carrier, not a primary fuel, necessitating energy input for production.
  • Current production methods from fossil fuels offer no advantage over direct use; coal gasification with CO₂ capture is a potential interim solution.
  • Advanced methods like artificial photosynthesis and algae-based production are promising but not yet practical.
  • Large-scale water electrolysis, the likely near-term method, demands massive electricity generation, ideally from nuclear or renewable sources.
  • Nuclear power for hydrogen production raises significant safety, waste, and resource concerns.
  • Renewable energy sources (wind, solar) have potential but face cost and development hurdles.
  • Significant improvements in hydrogen storage, transportation, and distribution are critical for a hydrogen economy.

Conclusions:

  • A full hydrogen economy is a long-term prospect requiring decades of development.
  • Near-term hydrogen economy development will likely depend on water electrolysis powered by nuclear or renewable energy.
  • Addressing challenges in electricity generation, hydrogen storage, and distribution infrastructure is paramount.
  • Renewable energy, hydrogen storage, and smart electric grids are key components for phasing out fossil fuels.