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Related Concept Videos

Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Sizing of Gold Nanoparticles in Suspension
09:33

Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Sizing of Gold Nanoparticles in Suspension

Published on: September 11, 2020

Sorting colloidal particles into multiple channels with optical forces: prismatic optical fractionation.

Ke Xiao1, David G Grier

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Brownian particles can be sorted by patterned light fields, similar to a prism separating light. This prismatic optical fractionation uses particle properties and fluctuations for separation.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Sizing of Gold Nanoparticles in Suspension
09:33

Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Sizing of Gold Nanoparticles in Suspension

Published on: September 11, 2020

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Brownian particles in structured force landscapes can exhibit symmetry-driven motion.
  • Particle behavior is sensitive to subtle physical property variations.
  • Periodic force fields can fractionate particle mixtures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prismatic optical fractionation of colloidal spheres.
  • To explore the role of three-dimensional motion in particle sorting.
  • To demonstrate sorting based on statistically locked-in transport.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental studies of colloidal spheres in periodic optical tweezers.
  • Numerical simulations of particle transport.
  • Analysis of Brownian motion and direction selection.

Main Results:

  • Periodic optical landscapes can sort particles based on their properties.
  • Three-dimensional motion significantly influences particle trajectories.
  • Statistically locked-in transport, involving Brownian fluctuations, aids in direction selection and sorting.

Conclusions:

  • Prismatic optical fractionation is a viable method for separating particle mixtures.
  • Understanding 3D motion and Brownian dynamics is crucial for optimizing particle sorting.
  • This technique offers a novel approach for continuous multichannel particle separation.