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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
Published on: March 30, 2017
Out-of-equilibrium heating of electron liquid: fermionic and bosonic temperatures
A Petković1, N M Chtchelkatchev, T I Baturina
1Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
Abstract:
We investigate out-of-the equilibrium properties of the electron liquid in a two-dimensional disordered superconductor subject to the electric bias and temperature gradient. We calculate kinetic coefficients and Nyquist noise, and find that they are characterized by distinct effective temperatures: Te, characterizing single-particle excitations, TCp, describing the Cooper pairs, and Teh, corresponding to electron-hole or dipole excitations. Varying the ratio between the electric j and thermal jth currents and boundary conditions one can heat different kinds of excitations tuning their corresponding temperatures. We propose the experiment to determine these effective temperatures.
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