Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Magic Barrier before Thermalization.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Mechanistic insights into Bluetongue virus immunodynamics: a Bayesian within-host modelling approach.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2026
Same author

A functional placenta-on-chip model for maternal-fetal transport.

Biofabrication·2026
Same author

Cap-adjacent 2'-O-ribose methylation of RNA in C. elegans is required for postembryonic growth and germline development in the presence of the decapping exonuclease EOL-1.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Differential Expression of LncRNA NEAT1 in 3D Tumoroids Compared to 2D Cultures Highlights Its Role in Glioblastoma Progression.

Macromolecular bioscience·2026
Same author

Synthetic melanin as a bioinspired antioxidant: Modulating oxidative stress from 2D skin models to human skin validation.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Hadron mass spectrum from lattice QCD.

Abhijit Majumder1, Berndt Müller

  • 1Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Finite temperature lattice simulations reveal a vast number of unknown hadron states in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). These findings suggest an exponentially growing mass spectrum below the critical temperature.

Area of Science:

  • High-energy physics
  • Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
  • Hadron spectroscopy

Background:

  • Finite temperature lattice simulations of QCD are crucial for understanding the hadronic mass spectrum below the critical temperature (Tc ≈ 160 MeV).
  • Previous studies relied on experimentally known hadron states, potentially underestimating the full spectral content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the implications of a recent precision determination of the QCD trace anomaly on the hadronic mass spectrum.
  • To explore the existence and characteristics of hadron states beyond those currently known from experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing finite temperature lattice simulations of quantum chromodynamics.
  • Analyzing a recent precision determination of the QCD trace anomaly.

More Related Videos

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
08:48

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation
09:53

Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation

Published on: October 30, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
08:48

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation
09:53

Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation

Published on: October 30, 2012

  • Employing simple parametrizations of the hadron mass spectrum.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence for a large number of hadron states beyond experimentally known ones was found.
    • Lattice results are consistent with an exponentially growing mass spectrum up to T=155 MeV.
    • A method to estimate the total spectral weight of these unconfirmed states was developed.

    Conclusions:

    • The hadronic mass spectrum at finite temperatures is more complex than previously assumed.
    • The existence of numerous unconfirmed hadron states significantly impacts our understanding of QCD.
    • The developed parametrization offers a tool for further theoretical and experimental investigations.