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Related Concept Videos

Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

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A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds
02:49

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Published on: February 23, 2024

The changing pattern of pediatric burns.

Sandun L Abeyasundara1, Vasant Rajan, Lawrence Lam

  • 1Children's Hospital Burns Research Institute, Burns Unit, and New South Wales Severe Burn Injury Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Burn Care & Research : Official Publication of the American Burn Association
|January 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Contact burns are now more common than flame burns in children treated at a burns unit. This study analyzed 3515 pediatric burn cases from 2003-2007, finding scalds most frequent, followed by contact burns.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric burn epidemiology
  • Burn injury patterns
  • Public health

Background:

  • Historically, scalds and flame burns were the most common pediatric burn injuries.
  • Recent clinical observations suggested an increase in contact burns among children.
  • Understanding current burn etiology is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the contemporary frequency of different burn modalities in children presenting to a burns unit.
  • To compare the incidence of scald, contact, and flame burns in pediatric patients.
  • To identify shifts in the patterns of childhood burn injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 3621 pediatric patients treated at a burns unit (January 2003 - December 2007).
  • Data extraction included age, gender, burn etiology, site, Total Surface Area Burned (TBSA), and need for surgery.
  • Analysis of 3515 eligible patients to determine burn modality frequencies.

Main Results:

  • Scalds constituted 55.9% of burns, followed by contact burns (30.5%) and flame burns (7.9%).
  • Contact burns were significantly more frequent than flame burns throughout the study period (z = 17.30, P < .001).
  • No seasonal variation was observed in contact burns, indicating diverse causes.

Conclusions:

  • The findings indicate a significant change in the historical pattern of pediatric burn injuries.
  • Contact burns have surpassed flame burns in frequency among children treated at this burns unit.
  • These results necessitate updated public health awareness and burns prevention campaigns focused on contact burn risks.