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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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Published on: March 9, 2018

Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization.

Vanessa G Santos1, Thaís Regiani, Fernanda F G Dias

  • 1ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Analytical Chemistry
|January 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization (V-EASI) offers dual-mode direct mass spectrometry for liquids and solids. This technique uses a sonic gas stream for self-pumping and ionization, yielding clean spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Ionization Techniques

Background:

  • Ambient ionization techniques enable direct sample analysis without complex sample preparation.
  • Existing methods may suffer from fragmentation or interference, limiting selectivity and signal quality.
  • There is a need for versatile, user-friendly ambient ionization methods for diverse sample types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel ambient ionization technique, Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization (V-EASI).
  • To enable direct mass spectrometric analysis of both liquid and solid samples using a single, adaptable system.
  • To enhance ionization selectivity and spectral quality through controlled droplet charging and desorption.

Main Methods:

  • V-EASI utilizes a sonic gas stream (nitrogen or air) to create a Venturi effect for self-pumping solutions.
  • The sonic stream also facilitates sonic-spray ionization (SSI) for analyte desorption and ionization.
  • Dual-mode operation (V(L)-EASI for liquids, V(S)-EASI for solids) was investigated.
  • Characterization of droplet charging and spectral output was performed.

Main Results:

  • V-EASI successfully analyzed both liquid and solid samples in a direct mass spectrometry setup.
  • The technique operates in a soft ionization manner, producing intact molecular species with minimal fragmentation.
  • V-EASI generates bipolar droplets with lower average charging compared to precursors, enhancing selectivity.
  • Spectra exhibited high signal-to-noise ratios with minimal solvent ions, dominated by single molecular species.
  • The system is voltage-, heat-, and radiation-free, avoiding common interferences.

Conclusions:

  • V-EASI is a versatile, simple-to-assemble ambient ionization technique for direct mass spectrometry.
  • Its dual-mode capability and inherent selectivity make it suitable for a wide range of liquid and solid analytes.
  • The technology offers a promising alternative for sensitive and selective analysis in various chemical applications.