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Cytokines in recurrent pregnancy loss
Vandana Saini1, Sarika Arora, Amita Yadav
1Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi–110001, India.
Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|January 18, 2011
Summary
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) may stem from an exaggerated maternal immune response. Understanding the complex cytokine network is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing pregnancy failure.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive immunology
- Maternal-fetal immune interactions
Background:
- Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as three or more consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks gestation.
- An exaggerated maternal immune response to fetal antigens is a proposed mechanism for RPL.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of immune responses and cytokines in recurrent pregnancy loss.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed Central and the National Library of Medicine.
- Relevant data was assessed from published books and journals.
Main Results:
- Maternal immune tolerance of the fetus relies on cytokine interactions at the implantation site.
- RPL immunity involves Th1/Th2 cell balance, with recent evidence highlighting roles for Th17 and Treg cells.
- Altered cytokine profiles disrupt immune homeostasis, potentially leading to pregnancy loss.
Conclusions:
- Cytokines form a critical regulatory network for maternal-fetal immune homeostasis.
- Disruption of this cytokine balance can lead to insufficient immunoregulatory mechanisms and pregnancy failure.
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