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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The default-mode network (DMN) is increasingly linked to cognitive function.
  • Understanding DMN alterations is crucial for assessing cognitive status in neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate DMN functional connectivity changes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients.
  • To correlate these DMN alterations with cognitive status in RRMS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and independent component analysis to assess DMN connectivity.
  • Employed neuropsychological evaluation, T2 lesion load quantification, and voxel-based morphometry for atrophy estimation.
  • Compared 18 cognitively impaired (CI) RRMS, 18 cognitively preserved (CP) RRMS, and 18 healthy controls (HCs).

Main Results:

  • RRMS patients showed reduced DMN connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex compared to HCs.
  • DMN connectivity alterations in the posterior cingulate cortex (weaker core, stronger periphery) were observed.
  • These DMN changes correlated with regional grey matter loss but not global atrophy or T2 lesion load.

Conclusions:

  • Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is associated with consistent DMN dysfunction at the anterior node.
  • Altered DMN distribution in the posterior node might represent a compensatory mechanism for preserved cognitive performance in RRMS.