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Small plaque variant transmissible gastroenteritis virus.

R D Woods

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A novel small plaque (SP) transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus strain shows promise for controlling TGE in swine. This avirulent SP strain successfully induced protective antibodies in pregnant gilts, offering a potential new strategy for disease management.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Swine Disease Control
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) poses a significant threat to swine health and production.
    • Existing TGE control methods often face challenges with efficacy and widespread application.
    • Development of novel, safe, and effective TGE vaccine candidates is crucial for the swine industry.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize a novel small plaque (SP) variant of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus.
    • To evaluate the avirulence and immunogenicity of the SP TGE virus strain in swine.
    • To assess the protective efficacy of maternally derived antibodies from SP-vaccinated gilts against TGE.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of the SP TGE virus strain from a persistently infected swine leukocyte cell line.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of SP TGE virus virulence in 3-day-old susceptible pigs and pregnant gilts.
  • Inoculation of pregnant gilts with SP TGE virus via oral/intranasal and/or intramammary routes.
  • Evaluation of passively acquired immunity in suckling pigs born to vaccinated gilts.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed SP TGE virus strain demonstrated avirulence in young pigs and pregnant gilts.
    • Oral/intranasal or intramammary inoculation of pregnant gilts induced protective antibodies against TGE.
    • Suckling pigs from SP-vaccinated gilts exhibited reduced morbidity (62%) and mortality (14%) when challenged with virulent TGE virus.

    Conclusions:

    • The avirulent SP TGE virus strain is a promising candidate for TGE control in swine.
    • Maternal immunization with the SP strain via oral/intranasal or intramammary routes effectively confers passive immunity to piglets.
    • This novel SP TGE virus strain offers a potential new tool for reducing the impact of TGE outbreaks in swine herds.