[Acute renale failure in burns - causes, consequences and avoidance strategies]

Area of Science:

• Intensive care medicine
• Nephrology
• Trauma surgery

Context:

• Critically ill patients with major burns face a high risk of acute renal failure (ARF).
• Multiple factors contribute to ARF development, including trauma severity, soft tissue damage, rhabdomyolysis, burn illness progression, and therapeutic interventions.
• These factors significantly impact the morbidity and mortality rates in severely burned patients.

Purpose:

• To review the etiological factors leading to ARF in burn patients.
• To discuss the consequences of ARF in this specific patient population.
• To highlight potential strategies for preventing ARF in critically ill burn patients.

Summary:

• Acute renal failure (ARF) is a frequent and severe complication in intensive care, particularly in major burn victims.
• The development of ARF is multifactorial, stemming from the burn trauma itself, associated soft tissue injury, rhabdomyolysis, systemic inflammatory response, and medical treatments.
• Understanding these contributing factors is crucial for managing and potentially preventing ARF in burn patients.

Impact:

• Identifying key risk factors for ARF in burn patients is essential for improving clinical outcomes.
• Implementing targeted preventive strategies may reduce the incidence of ARF, thereby lowering morbidity and mortality.
• This review provides valuable insights for clinicians managing critically ill burn patients, aiming to mitigate renal complications.