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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Assessment of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Reserve and Intracellular Diastolic Calcium Removal in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
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Published on: September 18, 2017

Myocardial calcium compartmentation.

G A Langer1

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1760, USA.

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
|January 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian cardiac myocytes tightly regulate calcium (Ca) compartments for contraction. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) amplifies Ca release, while sarcolemmal phospholipids maintain optimal Na-Ca exchanger function.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Assessment of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Reserve and Intracellular Diastolic Calcium Removal in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
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Assessment of Myofilament Ca2+ Sensitivity Underlying Cardiac Excitation-contraction Coupling
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Assessment of Myofilament Ca2+ Sensitivity Underlying Cardiac Excitation-contraction Coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cellular Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mammalian cardiac myocytes possess approximately 1600 μmol/L of exchangeable calcium (Ca).
  • Proper cardiac contractile function relies on the precise compartmentalization of this intracellular Ca.
  • Calcium entry via sarcolemmal L-type channels triggers secondary Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the compartmentalization and flux of calcium within mammalian cardiac myocytes.
  • To investigate the role of specific cellular compartments in regulating calcium handling during contraction.
  • To understand the functional significance of sarcolemmal-bound calcium and its interaction with ion channels.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of calcium compartments within cardiac myocytes.
  • Modeling of calcium dynamics and flux.
  • Investigation of calcium binding to sarcolemmal phospholipids.

Main Results:

  • A Na-Ca exchange-dependent compartment, localized to inner sarcolemmal anionic phospholipids, maintains high Ca concentrations crucial for Na-Ca exchanger activity.
  • The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) exhibits significant Ca amplification, releasing substantial amounts of Ca triggered by minimal sarcolemmal influx.
  • A large, rapidly exchangeable, lanthanum-displaceable compartment, predominantly sarcolemma-bound, acts as a membrane buffer potentially influencing Ca channel and Na-Ca exchanger function.
  • Mitochondria contribute to cellular Ca flux, with a low flux rate consistent with their role in regulating metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac myocyte Ca handling involves intricate compartmentalization, with the SR and sarcolemmal phospholipids playing critical roles.
  • The sarcolemmal Na-Ca exchanger relies on a specialized phospholipid-associated compartment for optimal function.
  • Sarcolemmal-bound Ca serves as a significant buffer, influencing key ion transport mechanisms involved in excitation-contraction coupling.