Zirconium: biomedical and nephrological applications

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Materials Chemistry
• Medical Device Technology

Background:

• Zirconium (Zr) compounds see expanding applications in artificial internal organs, including dental and orthopedic implants.
• Zr-based sorbents are utilized in various renal replacement therapies like hemofiltration and hemodialysis.
• Zr compounds are also prevalent in personal care products and environmental applications for water purification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated review of the biomedical applications of zirconium compounds.
• To assess the current understanding of zirconium's biocompatibility and toxicity in medical contexts.
• To highlight the increasing use and safety profile of Zr in healthcare and public health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent experimental and clinical studies on zirconium compounds.
• Analysis of publications concerning biomedical uses and reported adverse reactions.
• Synthesis of data on applications in artificial organs, renal therapies, and public health.

Main Results:

• Zirconium compounds demonstrate general biocompatibility and low toxicity across diverse applications.
• Reports of Zr-associated adverse reactions are infrequent and lack established causality.
• Publications on Zr use have risen, while toxicity reports have diminished.

Conclusions:

• Zirconium compounds are safe and effective for widespread biomedical and public health applications.
• The established safety profile supports continued use, with ongoing vigilance recommended.
• This review underscores the significant and growing role of Zr in modern medicine and environmental management.