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Updated: Jun 5, 2026
Rodent Model of Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Occlusion of the Superior Mesenteric Artery
Published on: October 20, 2023
Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride in small intestinal damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion
Yan Zhang1, Yu-Fang Leng, Xing Xue
1Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
Aim:
To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR) injury.
Methods:
Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (36 rats each): the sham-operation group (group S), lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group (group LIR), and penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning group (group PHC). Each group was divided into subgroups (n = 6 in each group) according to ischemic-reperfusion time, i.e. immediately 0 h (T₁), 1 h (T₂), 3 h (T₃), 6 h (T₄), 12 h (T₅), and 24 h (T₆). Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h. In group PHC, 0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia. The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion; diamine oxidase (DAO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) of small intestinal tissue, plasma endotoxin, DAO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-10 in serum were detected in the rats.
Results:
The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope. The levels of MPO, endotoxin, serum DAO, and IL-10 at T₁-T₆, and TNF-α level at T₁-T₄ increased in groups LIR and PHC (P < 0.05) compared with those in group S, but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T₁-T₆ decreased (P < 0.05). In group PHC, the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T₂-T₆, and IL-10 at T₂-T₅ increased to higher levels than those in group LIR (P < 0.05); however, the levels of MPO, endotoxin, and DAO in the blood at T₂-T₆, and TNF-α at T₂ and T₄ decreased (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR. Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage.
