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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants
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Published on: June 24, 2018

Soft tissue fillers and biofilms.

Steven H Dayan1, John P Arkins, Renata Brindise

  • 1Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Chicago Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. sdayan@drdayan.com

Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS
|January 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Most hypersensitivity reactions to soft tissue fillers are likely infections, not true allergies. Early antibiotic treatment is recommended for inflammatory reactions to nonpermanent fillers.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Soft tissue fillers are widely used for aesthetic and reconstructive purposes.
  • Adverse reactions, including hypersensitivity, can occur following filler injections.
  • Differentiating true hypersensitivity from other inflammatory reactions is crucial for appropriate management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of hypersensitivity reactions linked to soft tissue fillers.
  • To evaluate the evidence supporting hypersensitivity as the cause of adverse events associated with nonpermanent fillers.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review of published reports on soft tissue filler adverse reactions.
  • Analysis of approximately 40 published reports detailing reactions to nonpermanent soft tissue fillers.

Main Results:

  • Few reported reactions were consistent with immediate (Type I) or delayed (Type IV) hypersensitivity.
  • The clinical course and treatment response suggest most reactions are infectious in origin.
  • Bacterial contamination should be considered in inflammatory reactions, even without confirmed biofilm reports.

Conclusions:

  • Hypersensitivity reactions to soft tissue fillers are uncommon.
  • Infectious processes are the likely cause of most reported "hypersensitivity" reactions.
  • Prompt antibiotic therapy is advised for acute or chronic inflammatory reactions potentially caused by bacterial contaminants.