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Cutaneous Variations in Stem-Cell Population in Those on GLP1-Receptor Agonists: A Comparative Controlled Study.

Maya Firsowicz¹, Payvand Kamrani², Raheel Zubair¹

¹Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, San Diego, California.

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Summary

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists significantly reduce adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in patients. This depletion may explain accelerated skin aging observed with GLP-1 therapy, independent of weight loss.

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Endocrinology
Cell Biology

Background:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are linked to skin aging and volume loss.
The biological mechanisms behind these cutaneous changes are not well understood.
Limited in vivo human data exists regarding GLP-1's effects on skin structure.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate adipogenesis-associated cellular markers in patients undergoing GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy.
To evaluate the impact of GLP-1 therapy on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and fibroblast populations in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Main Methods:

Abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were collected from patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists and control subjects.
Multiplex immunofluorescence was used to quantify specific cell markers (FSP1, CD90, CD105, CD73, ERG).
Characterization of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and fibroblast populations was performed.

Main Results:

A significant four-fold reduction in ADSC counts was observed in the GLP-1 group compared to controls (11.0 vs 44.8 cells/mm², p = .039).
CD90+ cell counts were also significantly lower in patients receiving GLP-1 therapy (p = .047).
Fibroblast populations showed no significant difference between groups, indicating selective stem cell depletion.

Conclusions:

This study provides the first in vivo human evidence of a reduced ADSC population in patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Selective depletion of ADSCs presents a potential mechanism for accelerated skin aging associated with GLP-1 therapy.
This effect may be independent of weight loss, suggesting a direct impact on dermal tissue.