Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation, vasodilation, and...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of β-Receptor Blockers01:25

Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of β-Receptor Blockers

β-adrenergic antagonists, or β-blockers, modulate the sympathetic nervous system by targeting β-adrenoceptors and inhibiting catecholamine-mediated sympathetic responses. β-blockers differ in their adrenoceptor subtype affinity, lipophilicity, and α-blocking capabilities. The history of β-blocker development began with the prototype, dichloroisoprenaline, which exhibited partial agonist activity. As a result, propranolol was developed as a pure antagonist but nonselective agent, paving the way...
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers01:27

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers

β-receptor blockers significantly impact the cardiovascular system by counteracting catecholamine-induced sympathetic responses. These medications decrease heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output, potentially leading to cardiac depression, life-threatening bradycardia, and death. Therapeutically, β-blockers function as mild antihypertensives and are utilized in treating angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. However, nonselective β-blockers inhibit β2-receptors in bronchial smooth...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Design, Optimization and Physicochemical Characterization of Pectin-Based Nanoparticles for In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation Against HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells.

Current pharmaceutical design·2026
Same journal

Mechanism of Polygonum capitatum Intervention in Kidney Stones based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking Technology, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Current pharmaceutical design·2026
Same journal

Discovery of Anti-Japanese Encephalitis Compounds: Based on Natural Compound Library, Bioinformatics, Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.

Current pharmaceutical design·2026
Same journal

Cangfudaotan Decoction Improves Endometrial Receptivity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats: A Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the mTOR Pathway.

Current pharmaceutical design·2026
Same journal

EPR-Mediated Colon Cancer Imaging with a Novel Tc-99m-Imatinib Nanosystem: In Vivo Evaluation and Computational Dosimetric Characterization.

Current pharmaceutical design·2026
Same journal

Fentanyl and its Analogs: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Therapeutic Potential and Abuse Liability.

Current pharmaceutical design·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Implantation of an Isoproterenol Mini-Pump to Induce Heart Failure in Mice
05:08

Implantation of an Isoproterenol Mini-Pump to Induce Heart Failure in Mice

Published on: October 3, 2019

Evolving concepts concerning cardiac β-adrenoceptor function in heart failure.

Black James1, Fitzgerald Desmond

  • 1Materia Medica, Mere Croft Chester Road, Mere Cheshire WA16 6LG, UK.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs are used in heart failure treatment. This review examines their clinical use, focusing on the risks of excessive beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β(2)-AR) activation and the benefits of selective β(2)-AR antagonists.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Implantation of an Isoproterenol Mini-Pump to Induce Heart Failure in Mice
05:08

Implantation of an Isoproterenol Mini-Pump to Induce Heart Failure in Mice

Published on: October 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Congestive heart failure (CHF) management involves beta-adrenergic blocking drugs.
  • The pharmacological profiles of these drugs impact clinical outcomes.
  • Excessive beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β(2)-AR) activation can have undesirable effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical and current clinical application of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in CHF.
  • To explore the relationship between drug properties and patient outcomes.
  • To discuss the rationale for using selective β(2)-AR antagonists in heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies on beta-blockers in heart failure.
  • Analysis of pharmacological properties and their correlation with clinical outcomes.
  • Discussion of the theoretical basis for selective β(2)-AR antagonism.

Main Results:

  • Beta-blockers have evolved in their application for CHF.
  • Specific drug properties influence therapeutic efficacy and adverse events.
  • Concerns exist regarding over-activation of β(2)-AR.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal profile for beta-blockers in CHF requires careful consideration of receptor selectivity.
  • Selective β(2)-AR antagonists may offer a more targeted approach to managing heart failure.
  • Further research into specific β(2)-AR antagonism is warranted for CHF treatment.