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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Multiplexed Barcoding Image Analysis for Immunoprofiling and Spatial Mapping Characterization in the Single-Cell Analysis of Paraffin Tissue Samples
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Multiplexed Barcoding Image Analysis for Immunoprofiling and Spatial Mapping Characterization in the Single-Cell Analysis of Paraffin Tissue Samples

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Multiplexed protein analysis using encoded antibody-conjugated microbeads.

Nora Theilacker1, Eric E Roller, Kristopher D Barbee

  • 1Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a sensitive multiplexed protein analysis method using fluorescent microbeads, requiring only 5 µl of sample. This technique enables simultaneous quantification of multiple proteins, including cancer biomarkers and cytokines, at the picogram per millilitre level.

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Conversion of a Capture ELISA to a Luminex xMAP Assay using a Multiplex Antibody Screening Method

Published on: July 6, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Multiplexed protein analysis is crucial for understanding complex biological systems.
  • Existing methods often require larger sample volumes and may lack sensitivity.
  • Development of high-throughput, sensitive protein detection assays is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for multiplexed protein analysis using fluorescently encoded microbeads.
  • To achieve high sensitivity comparable to ELISA with minimal sample volume.
  • To demonstrate the capability for simultaneous quantitative analysis of multiple proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of streptavidin-coated microbeads encoded with combinations of fluorophores at different intensity levels.
  • Affinity conjugation of biotinylated capture antibodies to encoded microbeads.
  • Immobilization of microbeads in a microfluidic flow cell for analysis.
  • Quantitative protein detection using fluorescence microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successfully encoded 27 distinct microbead populations.
  • Achieved sensitivity comparable to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with only 5 µl sample volume.
  • Demonstrated quantitative analysis of a cancer biomarker and three cytokines in the picogram per millilitre range in a single assay.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fluorescent microbead-based assay enables sensitive and multiplexed protein quantification.
  • The method is suitable for high-density antibody array fabrication with microfluidic devices.
  • This approach offers a powerful tool for biomarker discovery and diagnostics.