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Related Concept Videos

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...

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Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity Assay
03:53

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Published on: December 29, 2023

Cell-derived vesicles exposing coagulant tissue factor in saliva.

René J Berckmans1, Auguste Sturk, Laurens M van Tienen

  • 1Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.j.berckmans@amc.uva.nl

Blood
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Human saliva contains tissue factor (TF) on vesicles that initiates blood coagulation, aiding wound healing and pathogen prevention. This TF-dependent process reduces clotting time, supporting the protective role of licking wounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Hemostasis and Thrombosis
  • Oral Biology
  • Wound Healing

Background:

  • Extravascular tissue factor (TF) initiates coagulation upon vascular damage.
  • Intravascular TF, found on circulating vesicles, is typically noncoagulant but can become prothrombotic.
  • Human saliva's procoagulant effect is known, but its mechanism and relevance are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if TF in human saliva, associated with cell-derived vesicles, triggers blood coagulation.
  • To determine the physiological relevance of saliva-mediated coagulation in wound healing.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed TF-dependency of saliva-induced clotting time in autologous plasma and whole blood from healthy subjects.
  • Characterized TF-bearing vesicles in saliva, including microparticles and exosomes.
  • Evaluated the effect of saliva on the clotting time of human pericardial wound blood from cardiac surgery patients.

Main Results:

  • Saliva significantly shortened blood clotting time in a TF-dependent manner.
  • TF in saliva was found on various cell-derived vesicles like microparticles and exosomes.
  • Addition of saliva reduced clotting time in human wound blood from 300 ± 96 to 186 ± 24 seconds (P = .03).

Conclusions:

  • Saliva contains TF on vesicles that actively triggers blood coagulation.
  • This mechanism likely reduces blood loss and prevents pathogen entry at wound sites.
  • The reflex to lick wounds may utilize saliva's TF-bearing vesicles to promote hemostasis and protection.