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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry
09:39

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 17, 2015

The Dilution Paradox in Extracellular Vesicle Flow Cytometry.

Joyce Rops1,2,3,4, Naomi Buntsma1,2,5, Aleksandra Gąsecka1,6

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Flow cytometry measurements of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plasma face a

Keywords:
backgroundconcentration measurementdilutionextracellular vesiclesflow cytometry

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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Cell-conditioned Media
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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry
09:39

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 17, 2015

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Cell-conditioned Media
08:32

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Cell-conditioned Media

Published on: February 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical engineering
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial biomarkers.
  • Flow cytometry is a common method for EV detection.
  • Accurate EV quantification is essential for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of sample dilution on EV detection by flow cytometry.
  • To identify challenges in reliable EV measurement using flow cytometry.
  • To evaluate the reliability of previous clinical EV studies.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of EVs in human plasma with varying lipoprotein concentrations.
  • Analysis of different sample dilutions using scatter-triggering and fluorescence-triggering.
  • Evaluation of two published clinical EV studies using an analytical model.

Main Results:

  • A 'dilution paradox' was identified where optimal dilution for light scattering conflicts with fluorescence detection.
  • This paradox can lead to unreliable detection of both EV signals.
  • 30% and 65% of measurements in two clinical studies were found to be unreliable.

Conclusions:

  • The 'dilution paradox' challenges the reliability of current flow cytometry-based EV detection methods.
  • Previous clinical study results may require re-evaluation.
  • Strategies like fixed dilution with fluorescence-triggering and sample/reagent purification can potentially overcome this paradox.