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Related Concept Videos

Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.
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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This diversity of cadherins...
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Evaluating Cell Death Signaling by Immunofluorescence in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
11:32

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Published on: January 3, 2025

Cysteine cathepsins in human carious dentin.

F D Nascimento1, C L Minciotti, S Geraldeli

  • 1Grupo de Estudos em Odontologia, Universidade Bandeirante de São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Dental Research
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cysteine cathepsins, alongside matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are key enzymes in human dental caries. This study found increased cathepsin B in carious dentin, highlighting their role in active and deep cavities.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Dental Research
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in dentinal caries.
  • Emerging evidence suggests cysteine cathepsins also degrade collagen in human dentin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence, origin, and activity of cysteine cathepsins in human dental caries.
  • To compare cathepsin and MMP activity in different types of caries lesions and their progression.

Main Methods:

  • Immunostaining was used to detect cathepsin B.
  • Spectrofluorometry analyzed cysteine cathepsin and MMP activities in saliva and dentin samples from caries lesions.
  • Activity was correlated with lesion depth and patient age.

Main Results:

  • Cathepsin B was more abundant in carious dentin compared to healthy dentin.
  • Cysteine cathepsin activity increased with depth and age in chronic lesions, but decreased with age in active lesions.
  • MMP activity generally decreased with age in both lesion types. Salivary MMP levels correlated with lesion activity and depth.

Conclusions:

  • Cysteine cathepsins are present and active in human dental caries.
  • These enzymes play a significant role, particularly in active and deep caries, alongside MMPs.