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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

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Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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Solution Formation02:16

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Microtubule Formation01:23

Microtubule Formation

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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation...
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Relationship Formation02:12

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What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis
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Malignant melanoma with osteoid formation.

A E Pellegrini1, P A Scalamogna

  • 1Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, CAEP, Columbus 43210.

The American Journal of Dermatopathology
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a rare case of malignant melanoma with osteoid formation in a neurofibromatosis patient. This finding highlights unusual metaplastic differentiation in neural crest-derived neoplasms.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder associated with various neoplasms.
  • Malignant melanoma is a skin cancer originating from melanocytes.
  • Neural crest-derived neoplasms can exhibit metaplastic differentiation.

Observation:

  • A patient with a history of neurofibromatosis developed malignant melanoma.
  • The malignant melanoma exhibited osteoid formation, a rare phenomenon.

Findings:

  • Osteoid formation in malignant melanoma was confirmed using picrosirius-polarization and transmission electron microscopy.
  • This case represents one of the few documented instances of osteoid formation in malignant melanoma.
  • The presence of osteoid signifies heterologous differentiation within a neural crest-derived tumor.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of metaplastic differentiation in neural crest tumors.
  • It suggests that malignant melanoma, like other neural tumors, can present with heterologous elements.
  • Further research may elucidate the mechanisms driving osteoid formation in melanoma.