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Intestinal myofibroblasts: targets for stem cell therapy.

R C Mifflin1, I V Pinchuk, J I Saada

  • 1Depts. of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
|January 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts are key to gut repair and disease. This review clarifies their identity, distinguishing them from other mesenchymal cells like pericytes, and explores stem cell origins for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Cell Biology
  • Focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the intestinal lamina propria.

Background:

  • Subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts are crucial for intestinal functions including growth, repair, inflammation, and fibrosis.
  • The intestinal lamina propria contains various α-smooth muscle actin-positive (α-SMA(+)) mesenchymal cells, such as pericytes, stem cells, and smooth muscle cells.
  • Many functions historically attributed to myofibroblasts are now understood to be performed by these other mesenchymal cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To redefine the intestinal myofibroblast and differentiate it from other α-SMA(+) mesenchymal cells in the lamina propria, particularly pericytes.
  • To review molecular markers, origins, and replenishment of intestinal myofibroblasts and pericytes.
  • To summarize stem cell therapy research for intestinal inflammation and its potential for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on intestinal mesenchymal cells.
  • Analysis of molecular markers to distinguish between myofibroblasts and other cell types.
  • Examination of studies on cell origins, injury repair, and stem cell therapies.

Main Results:

  • The identity of subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts is reconsidered, with evidence suggesting other mesenchymal cells, like pericytes, perform many attributed functions.
  • A review of molecular markers highlights the complexity in distinguishing lamina propria mesenchymal cell types.
  • Current research on stem cell origins and therapies for intestinal inflammation is summarized, offering insights for IBD treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Clarifying the specific roles of intestinal myofibroblasts versus other mesenchymal cells like pericytes is essential for understanding gut physiology and pathology.
  • Understanding the stem cell origins of intestinal stromal cells is critical for developing effective stem cell-based therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).