[Trocar site incisional hernia in laparoscopic surgery]

Trocar site incisional hernias (TSIH) are the most common complications in laparoscopic surgery. We have carried out a review of the literature with the aim of establishing their incidence, the reasons for them happening, and their prevention. After a search in the MEDLINE PubMed and PubMed CENTRAL data bases from 1991 to 2009, combining the words: "hernia", "laparoscopy" and "trocar", we obtained 545 articles, of which we analysed 60 of them. The incidence of TSIH varies between 0.18% and 2.8%. The diameter of the trocar, obesity and age play a fundamental role when proceeding to close the fascia, a closure which is the most important factor to prevent these incisional hernias appearing. The appearance of new laparoscopic material and the increasing more common closure of defects of the fascia means that new and more extensive prospective studies should be performed.