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Related Concept Videos

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

The Utilization of Oropharyngeal Intratracheal PAMP Administration and Bronchoalveolar Lavage to Evaluate the Host Immune Response in Mice
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Published on: April 2, 2014

PDT-induced inflammatory and host responses.

Małgorzata Firczuk1, Dominika Nowis, Jakub Gołąb

  • 1Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. malgorzata.firczuk@wum.edu.pl

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology
|January 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes inflammation to combat tumors by damaging cells and blood vessels. Optimizing PDT requires understanding how factors like photosensitizers and light influence this inflammatory response for better cancer treatment.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

The Utilization of Oropharyngeal Intratracheal PAMP Administration and Bronchoalveolar Lavage to Evaluate the Host Immune Response in Mice
12:27

The Utilization of Oropharyngeal Intratracheal PAMP Administration and Bronchoalveolar Lavage to Evaluate the Host Immune Response in Mice

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Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
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Published on: May 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for cancerous and non-cancerous diseases.
  • PDT's mechanisms include direct tumor cell killing, vascular damage, and inducing inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of inflammation in PDT's anti-tumor effects.
  • To identify factors influencing PDT-induced inflammation and its efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on PDT mechanisms.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in PDT-induced inflammation (DAMPs, vascular changes, complement activation, cytokine signaling).

Main Results:

  • PDT-induced inflammation contributes to anti-tumor effects and systemic immunity.
  • Inflammation degree and efficacy depend on photosensitizer properties, light parameters, oxygen levels, and tumor type.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PDT-induced inflammation is crucial for optimizing treatment.
  • Further research into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic modulation is needed for personalized PDT.