Preparation and transformation of true nifedipine polymorphs: investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and...

The amorphous → metastable and metastable → stable crystalline phase transitions of nifedipine and their relationship with polymorph composition during storage at controlled temperature/humidity conditions were investigated. Metastable form C was produced from both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal treatment and storage [22 °C/0% and 75% relative humidity (RH)] of the amorphous form. Amorphous conversion rate accelerated with storage temperature up to 40 °C, but a further 8 °C increase to 48 °C (3 °C above the glass transition) resulted in a more than 12-fold decrease in amorphous conversion rate. DSC and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a faster amorphous conversion rate relative to the metastable crystal transformation with 75% RH having a greater accelerative effect on the former. Relative phase quantification from XRD pattern fitting included the use of integrated peak intensities of the crystalline phases, Rietveld and the Rietveld-based partial or no known crystal structures method. Kinetic analysis with Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation indicated that the accelerated amorphous conversion in 75% RH was associated with a 10-fold increase in rate constant with dimensional growth little affected. The smaller rate increase for metastable crystal conversion was associated with an increased dimensional growth while the rate constant was little affected.