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Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

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Published on: January 12, 2018

Immunization disparities by Hispanic ethnicity and language preference.

Amelia M Haviland1, Marc N Elliott, Katrin Hambarsoomian

  • 1RAND Corp, Santa Monica, California, USA.

Archives of Internal Medicine
|January 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hispanic seniors have lower rates of seasonal influenza and pneumococcal immunizations compared to non-Hispanic whites. Addressing cultural and linguistic barriers is crucial for this vulnerable population.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Seasonal influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates are significantly lower among older Hispanic adults compared to non-Hispanic whites.
  • This disparity highlights a critical gap in preventive healthcare for a vulnerable elderly population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare seasonal influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white beneficiaries aged 65 and older.
  • To identify factors contributing to observed immunization disparities in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cross-sectional bilingual survey data from 244,618 community-dwelling respondents (aged ≥65 years) from the 2008 Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey.
  • Employed weighted logistic regression and hierarchical models to analyze immunization disparities, adjusting for health status, sociodemographic variables, and geographic factors.

Main Results:

  • Hispanic beneficiaries, both English- and Spanish-preferring, showed substantially lower rates for both pneumococcal (40-56% vs. 74%) and influenza (64-68% vs. 76%) immunizations compared to non-Hispanic whites (P < .001).
  • Adjusting for health status yielded similar differences; sociodemographic adjustments reduced disparities by approximately one-third to one-half, yet all remained significant.
  • Disparities were smaller in managed care plans and greater in linguistically isolated or "new destination" areas.

Conclusions:

  • Older Hispanic adults, particularly Spanish-preferring individuals in linguistically isolated areas, exhibit markedly lower immunization rates than non-Hispanic whites, even after accounting for health and sociodemographic factors.
  • Findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address cultural and linguistic barriers to improve vaccination uptake in this population.
  • Physicians and policymakers should collaborate to implement strategies that enhance access and overcome obstacles to immunization for Hispanic seniors.