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Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

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Titanium-based transition-edge photon number resolving detector with 98% detection efficiency with index-matched

Daiji Fukuda¹, Go Fujii, Takayuki Numata

¹National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. d.fukuda@aist.go.jp

|January 26, 2011

Summary

Researchers developed a highly efficient photon number resolving detector using a superconducting sensor. This new detector achieves 98%±1% efficiency at 850 nm, the highest reported for this wavelength range.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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$Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2$

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Area of Science:

Quantum optics
Superconducting devices
Photon detection

Background:

Photon number resolving detectors are crucial for quantum information processing.
Existing detectors often face trade-offs between efficiency, resolution, and speed.
Fiber-coupled detectors can suffer from wavelength-dependent efficiency due to optical interference.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a photon number resolving detector with high detection efficiency and resolution.
To minimize wavelength-dependent efficiency in fiber-coupled systems.
To achieve the highest system detection efficiency reported for the 850 nm wavelength range.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a titanium superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) integrated into an optical cavity.
Direct fiber coupling with a reduced gap (approx. 300 nm) to minimize sensitive area and heat capacity.
Characterization of detector performance, including efficiency, photon number resolution, and wavelength dependence.

Main Results:

Achieved high photon number resolution of 0.42 eV.
Maintained high detection efficiency and signal response speed.
Reduced wavelength-dependent efficiency to less than 1% through the optimized coupling design.
Demonstrated a record system detection efficiency of 98%±1% at approximately 850 nm.

Conclusions:

The developed detector overcomes previous limitations in photon detection technology.
The novel fiber coupling method significantly improves efficiency and reduces interference.
This high-performance detector is a significant advancement for quantum technologies operating at 850 nm.