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Related Concept Videos

Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Histology of the Uterus01:19

Histology of the Uterus

The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
The endometrium is the...
Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis
06:22

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Published on: September 1, 2019

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

V H Livingstone

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |January 26, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal issues. Diagnosis involves excluding other disorders, with treatment tailored to menstrual cycle type and urgency.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

    Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis
    06:22

    Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

    Published on: September 1, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Gynecology
    • Reproductive Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is characterized by abnormal uterine bleeding stemming from ovarian endocrinopathy.
    • It can occur with both ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles.
    • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the diagnostic approach to DUB.
    • To describe treatment strategies based on the type of menstrual cycle and clinical urgency.

    Main Methods:

    • Diagnosis relies on comprehensive patient history and physical examination to rule out organic causes.
    • Endometrial biopsy is recommended for older women prior to treatment initiation.
    • Treatment selection is guided by the understanding of the menstrual cycle and bleeding severity.

    Main Results:

    • Anovulatory cycles are managed with progesterone replacement for less urgent cases.
    • Ovulatory cycles typically respond to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
    • Urgent cases may require oral or intravenous estrogen, with dilation and curettage reserved for persistent hemorrhage.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of DUB requires differentiating between ovulatory and anovulatory cycles.
    • Treatment strategies vary from hormonal therapy to surgical interventions based on clinical presentation.
    • Exclusion of organic pathology is a cornerstone of DUB diagnosis.