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Blood Flow

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

Published on: September 2, 2009

Whole blood pumping with a microthrottle pump.

M J Davies¹, I D Johnston, C K L Tan

¹School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, United Kingdom.

Biomicrofluidics

|January 26, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Linear microthrottle pumps (LMTPs) successfully pumped whole human blood, demonstrating minimal red blood cell (erythrocyte) damage and no blockages. This microfluidic pump technology shows promise for handling challenging biological suspensions.

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Cell Capture Using a Microfluidic Device

Cell Capture Using a Microfluidic Device

Published on: October 1, 2007

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Microfluidics
Hematology

Background:

Microfluidic pumps often struggle with pumping solid-phase suspensions.
Previous work demonstrated microthrottle pumps (MTPs) can handle polystyrene beads.
Pumping whole blood presents significant challenges due to high cell content and erythrocyte fragility.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of a linear microthrottle pump (LMTP) for pumping whole, undiluted human venous blood.
To assess erythrocyte lysis and pump blockage during blood transport.
To validate a modified Drabkin method for quantifying low levels of erythrocyte lysis.

Main Methods:

Utilized a linear microthrottle pump (LMTP) for whole blood transport.
Employed a modified Drabkin method for spectrophotometric quantification of hemoglobin release.
Validated the assay for detecting low levels of erythrocyte lysis.

Main Results:

Successfully pumped whole human venous blood at 200 μl min⁻¹ without pump blockage.
Achieved minimal erythrocyte lysis, with rates below 1 in 500 cells at 102 μl min⁻¹.
The LMTP's unimpeded internal flow-path is advantageous for particle suspension transport.

Conclusions:

Linear microthrottle pumps (LMTPs) are suitable for transporting whole blood, a challenging biological fluid.
The LMTP demonstrates low erythrocyte lysis, making it a viable option for microfluidic blood handling.
This study validates a sensitive method for assessing cell lysis in microfluidic applications.