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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Published on: April 4, 2025

Developmental gender differences for overhand throwing in Aboriginal Australian children.

Jerry R Thomas¹, Jacqueline A Alderson, Katherine T Thomas

¹College of Education, University of North Texas, Denton 76203, USA. Jerry.Thomas@unt.edu

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

|January 28, 2011

Summary

Aboriginal Australian children showed similar overhand throwing skills between genders, unlike other cultures. This suggests cultural factors, not just biology, influence gender differences in athletic performance.

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Anthropology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Overhand throwing exhibits significant gender differences, favoring boys across many cultures.
Cultural expectations may influence observed gender disparities in athletic performance.
Aboriginal Australian historical practices involved throwing for defense and hunting, potentially altering gendered performance expectations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate gender differences in overhand throwing velocity and kinematics among Aboriginal Australian children.
To compare these findings with existing data from other cultural groups.

Main Methods:

Recorded overhand throwing velocities and kinematics in 30 Aboriginal Australian children (6-10 years old).
Compared results with published data on U.S., German, Japanese, and Thai children.

Main Results:

Aboriginal girls and boys exhibited more similar horizontal ball velocities than their U.S. counterparts.
Throwing kinematics were also more similar between genders in Aboriginal children compared to U.S. children.
Aboriginal girls demonstrated greater throwing velocities than girls from other studied cultures, while boys' velocities were comparable across cultures.

Conclusions:

Cultural context significantly impacts gender differences in athletic skills like overhand throwing.
The findings challenge the universality of large gender disparities in throwing performance.
Aboriginal Australian girls' throwing performance suggests reduced gender-based performance expectations in this population.